Winter is here, and with it cold water swimming. Cold water? Not for everyone. Many birds come to take advantage of the warm (by which we mean unfrozen) waters of Lake Geneva to spend the winter. They \ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\ude00\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf1'\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf9'\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddef\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thanks to \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01\ud835\ude00 \ud835\ude01\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf7\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddef\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00, a great deal has been learnt about their origins and their relationship with our lake. Here are a few facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\nThe birds that can be seen on Lake Geneva in winter nest in summer \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00 \ud835\ude01\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0300\ud835\ude00 \ud835\ude03\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00. The most widespread species, the Great Crested Grebe and the Ferruginous Duck migrate from the north (NW for the former, NE for the latter). Some of the individuals present in winter remain on Lake Geneva for the breeding season.<\/p>\n\n\n\nMigration is based on seasonal changes \ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddf7\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff, \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9 \ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddef\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\u0301 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2. For most species, these three criteria will imply a North-South migration. The precise dates of migration are then directly influenced by weather conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\ud835\uddd6\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddf2\u0300\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\ude01\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude05\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfd\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddee\u0300 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2. An interesting example is the Red-crested Pochard. This species is widespread in Europe, from Spain to Romania. In winter, individuals converge on Lake Geneva (and other large lakes in the region), following a west-east axis.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe workforce changes in line with certain environmental upheavals. For example, \ud835\uddf9'\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\udde0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\ude07\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddef\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb \ud835\udfed\ud835\udff5\ud835\udff2\ud835\udfee has led to a massive increase in the wintering numbers of scaups and coots, which are fond of this small shellfish. Another example, \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddd6\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00, aquatic plants indicative of improved water quality, has led to an increase in herbivorous birds such as the Red-crested Pochard and Gadwall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\ud835\udddf\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2 also influences these migrations. Milder winters in the Nordic countries are attracting more scaup, goldeneyes and herring gulls than ever before. Further south, increasing drought in the Iberian Peninsula is driving the migration of the Red-crested Pochard.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThere are more wintering birds today than at the beginning of the 20th century. \u1d55\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2? This is a sensitive subject. Some fish-eating species are seen as competitors by fishermen. While we now know that the Great Crested Grebe, a protected species, does not cause damage to lake fish stocks, the Great Cormorant is more regularly singled out for criticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPhoto credits :<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. Pochelon A. Pochelon<\/p>\n\n\n\nSources : <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/a>Keller (2011)<\/a>, Switzerland, a winter refuge for waterbirds. Acting for biodiversity | Haute-Savoie<\/a> Waterbirds wintering on Lake Geneva<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":6418,"template":"","mots-cles":[],"class_list":["post-6416","60_secondes","type-60_secondes","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/60_secondes\/6416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/60_secondes"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/60_secondes"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"mots-cles","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mots-cles?post=6416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
The birds that can be seen on Lake Geneva in winter nest in summer \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00 \ud835\ude01\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0300\ud835\ude00 \ud835\ude03\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00. The most widespread species, the Great Crested Grebe and the Ferruginous Duck migrate from the north (NW for the former, NE for the latter). Some of the individuals present in winter remain on Lake Geneva for the breeding season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Migration is based on seasonal changes \ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddf7\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff, \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9 \ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddef\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\u0301 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2. For most species, these three criteria will imply a North-South migration. The precise dates of migration are then directly influenced by weather conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud835\uddd6\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddf2\u0300\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\ude01\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude05\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfd\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddee\u0300 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2. An interesting example is the Red-crested Pochard. This species is widespread in Europe, from Spain to Romania. In winter, individuals converge on Lake Geneva (and other large lakes in the region), following a west-east axis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The workforce changes in line with certain environmental upheavals. For example, \ud835\uddf9'\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\udde0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\ude07\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddef\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb \ud835\udfed\ud835\udff5\ud835\udff2\ud835\udfee has led to a massive increase in the wintering numbers of scaups and coots, which are fond of this small shellfish. Another example, \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddd6\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00, aquatic plants indicative of improved water quality, has led to an increase in herbivorous birds such as the Red-crested Pochard and Gadwall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ud835\udddf\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2 also influences these migrations. Milder winters in the Nordic countries are attracting more scaup, goldeneyes and herring gulls than ever before. Further south, increasing drought in the Iberian Peninsula is driving the migration of the Red-crested Pochard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There are more wintering birds today than at the beginning of the 20th century. \u1d55\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2? This is a sensitive subject. Some fish-eating species are seen as competitors by fishermen. While we now know that the Great Crested Grebe, a protected species, does not cause damage to lake fish stocks, the Great Cormorant is more regularly singled out for criticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Photo credits :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A. Pochelon A. Pochelon<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sources : <\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>Keller (2011)<\/a>, Switzerland, a winter refuge for waterbirds. Acting for biodiversity | Haute-Savoie<\/a> Waterbirds wintering on Lake Geneva<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":6418,"template":"","mots-cles":[],"class_list":["post-6416","60_secondes","type-60_secondes","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/60_secondes\/6416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/60_secondes"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/60_secondes"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"mots-cles","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mots-cles?post=6416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":6418,"template":"","mots-cles":[],"class_list":["post-6416","60_secondes","type-60_secondes","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/60_secondes\/6416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/60_secondes"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/60_secondes"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"mots-cles","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mots-cles?post=6416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}