{"id":6649,"date":"2021-01-22T10:47:28","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T09:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.asleman.org\/?post_type=60_secondes&p=6649"},"modified":"2021-01-22T10:47:28","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T09:47:28","slug":"n68-la-mouette-cest-la-femelle-du-goeland","status":"publish","type":"60_secondes","link":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/60_secondes\/n68-la-mouette-cest-la-femelle-du-goeland\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00b068 : The Seagull is the female of the Gull?"},"content":{"rendered":"

What gender is f\u00e9ra? While biologists will tell you it's Coregonus, French linguists will tell you it's feminine: LA F\u00e9ra. Yes, but don't we say LE Cor\u00e9gone? will reply the teasing biologists. \ud835\uddd7'\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\u0300 \ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf0 \ud835\uddf9'\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude01\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddef\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf9 \ud835\uddee\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude05 \ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfa\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1'\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude05 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf0\u0327\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biological gender plays no part in the allocation of the determiner, as we saw with the example of the F\u00e9ra. In fact, the allocation of grammatical genders is often arbitrary and unmotivated. Most animal names do not vary in gender and \ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddee\u0300 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff \ud835\uddee\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf6 \ud835\uddef\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\u0302\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It's at this point that fans of the \"females of animals\" quiz will make their entrance: \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf0'\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddef\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf1? There are indeed some species whose grammatical gender refers to the sex of the animal in everyday language. These include two types of construction of the male\/female opposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For certain species, the female is distinguished by a feminisation of the name (change of determiner). For example: the rabbit and the female rabbit. Other species have a distinct name to differentiate the male from the female. For example: the \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf1 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf9\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf9\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude01, the heather cock and the heather hen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For most species, the same determinant is used for both sexes and if you want to distinguish between them, you need to add the adjectives male and female. For example, we would say a male Pike and a female Pike. Similarly, \ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\udde7\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\u0302\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2. This is also the nomenclature used in scientific language, which refers to male and female Mallard ducks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud835\udde3\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf6 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddf2\u0300\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf2\u0300\ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01-\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfa \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\u0302\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2? Is this due to a difference in appearance between the male and female? Well, no. For example, the visual differences between male and female scaups are much greater than those seen between rabbits and rabbits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact the existence in the French language of distinct terms for the male and female of the same species exists mainly for the following species \ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9'\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf9'\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf2. As people have come to know these species (often mammals), they have given them this name by sex and even by age (wild boar, goose, wild boar, for example).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All this has therefore been culturally constructed in the French language over the course of usage. \ud835\uddd7\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1'\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude02\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf4\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00, we can see that Canard Colvert becomes die Stockente in German, only to revert to the masculine form in Italian: il Germano Reale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And so, \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\udde0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2, \ud835\uddf0'\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddda\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf1? The answer is no, each being a very distinct species. The question even becomes absurd in the case of hermaphroditic species such as the Corbicula and the Planorbe, which can be observed in Lake Geneva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Photo credits :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udcf8\" Kai Taimsalu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83c\udf10 J. Dubois (1989), le genre dans les noms d'animaux, Linx
\ud83c\udf10 S.D. Bernardina (2012), \"Les joies du taximonistes: classer, reclasser, d\u00e9classer\", Aux fronti\u00e8res de l'animal.
\ud83c\udf10 Orthodidact, gender of animal names<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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