{"id":7356,"date":"2021-03-25T05:44:35","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T04:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.asleman.org\/?post_type=60_secondes&p=7356"},"modified":"2021-03-25T05:44:35","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T04:44:35","slug":"n77-la-folle-invasion-de-la-moule-quagga-1-2","status":"publish","type":"60_secondes","link":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/60_secondes\/n77-la-folle-invasion-de-la-moule-quagga-1-2\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00b077 : The mad invasion of the Quagga mussel (1\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

They're impossible to miss! They are everywhere, encrusting the rocks, carpeting the muddy lake bottoms and inexorably invading European lakes. There are thousands of them per square metre. They are \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\udde0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The vernacular name Dreissena bugensis comes from \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfa \ud835\uddf1 \ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfb \ud835\ude07\ud835\uddf2\u0300\ud835\uddef\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\u0301 \ud835\udde4\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddd6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddee, striped only on the neck and front of the body. As on the Quagga, the mussel's stripes disappear on its ventral side. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polymorphic, at maturity it measures \ud835\udfee\ud835\udfec \ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddfa \ud835\ude00\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff \ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude05\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfa\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfa \ud835\udff0 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddfa. It is equipped with cilia that allow it to suck water (one to several litres per day) into its cavity using an \"inhalation siphon\" and thus extract food particles (phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, and even their own larvae). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Quagga Mussel \ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01 \ud835\udfef \ud835\uddee\u0300 \ud835\udff1 \ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00 is found in the fresh and temperate waters of lakes, rivers and canals, but does not like well-oxygenated waters with strong currents, where it has difficulty attaching itself to the substrate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unisexual, externally pollinated, very efficient, \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\u0301 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff \ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfbt despite mortality among veliger larvae (the larval stage of molluscs that has a ciliated veil enabling it to move through the water) of up to 99%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, like its congeners, it has \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf0\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf9\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\u0301 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \"\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf0\u0327\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff\" \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude06\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2\u0301 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 through the excretion of pseudofaeces, organic matter that is deposited and whose composition has the power to attract or repel other organisms (hence its so-called \"engineering\" role).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud835\udddf\ud835\uddee \ud835\udde4\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf3\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfb \ud835\ude02\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\ude01\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf0\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\u0300\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00-\ud835\uddee\u0300-\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\ude03\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddee\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf1\ud835\ude02 \ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude02 such as temperature, acidity, turbidity and anoxia (lack of oxygen). It is also highly resistant to biocidal substances because it has effective detoxification means and the ability to shut down in an environment that is toxic to it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Add to this its phenomenal vitality and the unwitting complicity of humans, and it's easy to see why it has been able to expand its range so effectively. The Swiss Confederation warns: \ud835\udde3\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddff \ud835\ude00\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude03\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf5\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude00\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude01, \ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddee \ud835\udde0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2 \ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddee \ud835\uddfd\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddf6\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddf2\ud835\uddff \ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\ude02\u0302\ud835\ude01\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfa\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude01 \ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddf4\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddfe\ud835\ude02\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 \ud835\uddf0\ud835\uddfc\ud835\uddfb\ud835\ude00\ud835\uddf6\ud835\uddf1\ud835\uddf2\u0301\ud835\uddff\ud835\uddee\ud835\uddef\ud835\uddf9\ud835\uddf2\ud835\ude00 !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source of information : L\u00e9maniques n\u00b0113<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Photo credit: Nicolas Marechal, 1793 & Moules Quagga<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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