{"id":369,"date":"2024-03-21T17:17:52","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T16:17:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.asleman.org\/?page_id=369"},"modified":"2025-06-25T10:16:21","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T08:16:21","slug":"oiseaux","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/oiseaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Birds"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Birds<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHere you will find information on the birds that can be seen on Lake Geneva\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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wintering<\/div>\t\t\t
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of wetlands of international importance protected by the Ramsar Convention<\/div>\t\t\t
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species observed on Lake Geneva<\/div>\t\t\t
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The birds of Lake Geneva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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You can find out more about the birds of Lake Geneva in the following issues 51<\/a>,\u00a071<\/a>,\u00a096<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0109<\/a> of our quarterly magazine Lake Geneva region<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>as well as in our\u00a0themed leaflets,<\/a>\u00a0our\u00a0infographics<\/a> or in our weekly column News in 60 seconds<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Introduction <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The avifauna of Lake Geneva can be divided into several large groups. Some species, such as the Mallard and the Coot, are present throughout the year. Others only visit the Lake Geneva region during specific seasons. Like many Alpine lakes, Lake Geneva plays a vital role in the migration of European birds. Whether as a stopover site for autumn or spring migrations, as a resting place in winter or as a breeding ground in spring and summer, each period is of interest. For some species that are 'common' on Lake Geneva, the 'local' numbers are joined in November by a large wintering population from Scandinavia.<\/p>

The birds present on the lake and its banks are not all ducks. They can be classified into several major groups (non-exhaustive list). Anatidae (surface or diving ducks), laridae (gulls), scolopacidae (waders), podicipedidae (grebes) or rallidae (coot) all have their own physical characteristics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Waterbirds are at the top of the food chain. Their presence is therefore directly influenced by the state of the natural environment in which they live. Conversely, they also play a regulatory role in the lower levels of the food chain. Insectivores, herbivores and piscivores, waterbirds have a wide variety of diets.<\/p>

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The nictitating membrane of a soldier lapwing. Photo credit :\u00a0Toby Hudson<\/a><\/em><\/p>

There are many morphological adaptations in waterbirds. While some, such as the membrane that protects the eye when the head is submerged, are found in a large proportion of aquatic species, others are directly associated with the diet.<\/p>

First of all, there are the legs, which may or may not be webbed and may or may not be located behind the body or in the middle. Feet that are set back allow better propulsion underwater. Conversely, centred legs are better suited to species moving on land.<\/p>

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The shape of the beak will also be a determining factor in diet and feeding habits: long and pointed for fish-eaters, flat for herbivores, small and rounded for those who feed on molluscs....<\/p>

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Plumage also plays a decisive role for waterbirds. In most birds, each feather is made up of two parts. The base of the feathers is downy, while the top makes the plumage waterproof. This lining allows waterbirds to stay afloat without ever suffering from the cold. However, some species of waterbird, such as the Great Cormorant, do not have waterproof plumage. For this great diver, allowing water to enter the plumage means they can reach higher speeds and go deeper to hunt fish. This adaptation has its drawbacks, however, and cormorants need to get out of the water regularly to dry their plumage. Unlike certain species of ducks or larids that gather in dormitories on the water, cormorants spend the night perched in trees on the edge of bodies of water.<\/p>

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Emblematic species of Lake Geneva <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u2663 Species present in our book of determination sheets (sold in our shop<\/a>)<\/p>

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Podicipedidae: Grebes<\/strong><\/h3>

Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

A true lake dancer, the Great Crested Grebe normally nests in the\"\"\u00a0reed beds. In recent years\u00a0macrophytes<\/a>\u00a0have spread to the ports. This has enabled a series of species related to lagoons (areas of calm water protected from the waves) to settle there. The Great Crested Grebe makes the most of these calm areas, using the mooring lines on boats to build its nest. In the natural environment, a floating nest is built by clinging to a reed or other piece of submerged vegetation. In harbours, insufficiently taut mooring lines replace the vegetation. The cohabitation between Great Crested Grebes and harbour users is therefore not easy.\u00a0<\/p>

\"\"<\/em>Tight mooring lines prevent the Great Crested Grebe from nesting, so when you go sailing you don't destroy the nest.<\/em><\/p>

A fish-eater, the Grebe makes perfect use of its streamlined body to hunt fish. In spring, their displays are spectacular. At the end of the breeding season, Grebes lose their nuptial plumage to sport a more discreet grey-white tinted plumage. \u2663<\/p>

Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups visible in winter.<\/p>

Phalacrocoracidae: Cormorants<\/strong><\/h3>

Great cormorant\u00a0(phalacrocorax carbo)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

\"\"A newcomer to Lake Geneva, the Great Cormorant has not made only friends. Voracious fish-eaters that can eat up to 500g of fish a day, cormorants gather in large groups to fish. Easily spotted on the dykes by the way it spreads its wings when at rest, the Cormorant has the distinctive feature of having very little waterproof plumage, which allows it to soak up water and makes it easier to dive. \u2663<\/p>

Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups in winter.<\/p>

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Ardeids: Herons<\/strong><\/h3>

Grey heron (Ardea cinerea)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

Back on the shores of Lake Geneva since the 1990s, the grey heron used to be much rarer in the region. This large fish-eating wader is often found near harbours or river mouths. Perched on its long legs, it can be recognised by its grey body with a large yellow beak. Adults have a small black hoopoe on their head.\u00a0<\/p>

Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups visible in winter.\u00a0<\/p>

\"\"Photo Credit: Kai Taimsalu<\/em><\/p>

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Anatidae: Swans, Geese, Ducks<\/strong><\/h3>

Mute swan\u00a0(Cygnus olor)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

\"\"Originally from Asia, swans were imported to Geneva in 1837. They then gradually colonised the shores of Lake Geneva. Males and females can be distinguished by the \"tubercle\" above the beak, which is swollen in the male and rather flat in the female. To feed, the Swan tilts its body and takes advantage of its long neck to graze on aquatic plants at the bottom of the water. \u2663<\/p>

Observation period: All year round.<\/p>

Mallard\u00a0(<\/em>Anas platyrhynchos)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

The Mallard is a must on Lake Geneva. During the breeding season (winter\"\"\u00a0and spring) the male is easily spotted by its green head. The female is more discreet. The bluish mirror on the wing is a good criterion for spotting her. Once the mating season is over, the male will adopt a duller plumage, similar to that of the female.\u00a0\"\"the female. It differs, however, in having slightly darker plumage and a more yellow bill than the female. \u2663<\/p>

Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups visible in winter.<\/p>

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Gadwall\u00a0(Anas strepera)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

Slightly smaller than its green-necked cousin, the Gadwall takes its name from its tendency to \"scoop\" food from other ducks. This is why it is regularly seen near groups of Coots or Red-crested Nets.<\/p>

The male has a finely zebra-striped grey coat with a white mirror on the wing. This white mirror is also present on the female and is a good criterion for distinguishing the species. \u2663<\/p>

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Observation period: Autumn, winter and spring.<\/p>

Red-crested Pochard\u00a0(<\/em>Netta rufina)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

\"\"Not so long ago, it was rare to see the Red-crested Pochard. This beautiful red-headed bird has the particularity of migrating from East to West and not from North to South like most birds. The appearance of the Red-crested Pochard on Lake Geneva is not due to chance, but to the improvement in the quality of the waters of Lake Geneva following, among other things, the ban on phosphates in washing powder. As a result, the diversity of aquatic plants has evolved, and characeae, macro-algae that thrive in poor water, have become more common.\"\"\u00a0in nutrients, have developed strongly. These macrophytes are the preferred food of the Red-crested Nets. The species is therefore a good indicator of changes in water quality. Initially present only in winter, the species now breeds on Lake Geneva. \u2663<\/p>

Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups in winter.<\/p>

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Changes in Red-crested Pochard populations in relation to those of characea on Lake Geneva.
<\/em>Source :\u00a0Changes in coastal biological communities and fish stocks in Lake Geneva, 2013<\/a><\/em><\/p>

Tufted Duck\u00a0(<\/em>Aythya fuligula)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

\"\"The scaup is a species that breeds in Siberia and migrates to Western Europe for the winter. The appearance of wintering scaup populations is directly linked to the arrival of the zebra mussel on Lake Geneva, which the species is fond of. The species has also been breeding for a number of years. In the\u00a0\"\"In wintering groups, the Tufted Duck regularly mingles with the Greater Scaup and the rarer Ferruginous Duck. These 3 species tend to be nocturnal. They rest during the day and fish from dusk. \u2663<\/p>

Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups visible in winter.<\/p>

Ferruginous Duck\u00a0(<\/em>Aythya\u00a0nyroca)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

The Ferruginous Duck is a winter visitor from Siberia. Still very rare in the early 2000s, this scaup is now present in small numbers around Lake Geneva, following a change in the species' migratory routes. Wintering groups remain faithful to one site from one winter to the next. Like the Scaup, this species tends to be nocturnal in its activities.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a>Photo credit: Kai Taimsalu<\/em><\/p>

Goosander\u00a0(Mergus merganser)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

\"\"\"\"Often confused with the great crested grebe, the goosander has a larger, more elongated body. The female is uniformly grey with a ruffled reddish-brown head. The male has white flanks and a black back and head. A fish-eater, the Merganser's legs are particularly set back to act as propellers underwater. Goosander nest in cavities in old trees near the lake. Once hatched, the chicks jump from the nest before reaching the lake. \u2663<\/p>

Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups visible in winter.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/h3>

Rallidae: Coots, Galinulles, Rails<\/strong><\/h3>

Common coot\u00a0(<\/em>Fulica atra)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

This is not a moorhen! Entirely black with slight silver highlights, the Common Coot has a white beak extended by a white forehead patch. It feeds by diving in search of aquatic plants and the small molluscs found on them. \u2663<\/p>

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Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups visible in winter.<\/p>

Common Moorhen\u00a0(Gallinula chloropus)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

The Common Moorhen usually frequents reedbeds, but it can also be found in harbours. Mainly terrestrial, it wanders along banks or dykes in search of molluscs and other macro-invertebrates. In all plumages, it can be distinguished by the horizontal white line on its flanks. Adults have a characteristic yellow and red bill. \u2663<\/p>

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Sighting period: All year round, with the harbours more popular in winter.<\/p>

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Larids: Gulls, Seagulls, Terns<\/strong><\/h3>

Black-headed Gull\u00a0(<\/em>Chroicocephalus ridibundus)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

\"\"Black-headed Gulls are most often found near beaches, harbours and urban centres. They feed on worms, insects and other small animals found in aquatic plants. Although they are easy to spot all year round, the largest population on Lake Geneva is in winter. The few breeding pairs on Lake Geneva are mainly confined to the Dranse delta (Thonon) and the Grangettes reserve (Valais). \u2663<\/p>

Viewing period: All year round, with larger groups seen in winter.<\/p>

Yellow-legged Gull\u00a0(<\/em>Larus michaellis)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

\"\"Much larger than the Black-headed Gull, the Yellow-legged Gull is a Mediterranean species that arrived on Lake Geneva in the 1960s. Well acclimatised to human civilisation, the species is becoming increasingly widespread around Lake Geneva. Nesting on dykes, boats and even city rooftops, the Yellow-legged Gull brings a little marine touch to the ports of Lake Geneva with its long, plaintive cry. \u2663<\/p>

Observation period: All year round.<\/p>

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Scolopacidae : Waders<\/p>

Common Merganser\u00a0(Actitis hypoleucos)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

This small shorebird can be seen almost all year round on Lake Geneva. Sometimes called the \"hochequeue\", the Common Sandpiper wanders along the banks looking for small worms. In the Lake Geneva basin, the species nests in the upper reaches of the Rh\u00f4ne valley, where there are alluvial areas suitable for nesting. During migration and in winter, the Common Sandpiper can be found all around Lake Geneva, where it takes advantage of the calm shores.<\/p>

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Photo credit: Alexis Pochelon<\/em><\/p>

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Alkedinidae: Kingfishers<\/strong><\/h3>

European kingfisher\u00a0(<\/em>Alcedo atthis)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>

In winter, you can sometimes catch a glimpse of a turquoise rocket slipping between boats resting in harbours. This is the kingfisher. This small bird nests on the cliffs and steep banks bordering bodies of water. Although a few pairs nest on the shores of Lake Geneva, it is mainly along rivers that it breeds most readily.<\/p>

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIdentification of mallard ducks using ASL identification sheets\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oiseaux Vous trouverez ici des informations sur les oiseaux que l\u2019on peut observer sur le L\u00e9man hivernants 0 de zones humides d\u2019importance internationale prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par la Convention Ramsar 0 ha esp\u00e8ces observ\u00e9es sur le L\u00e9man 0 Les oiseaux du L\u00e9man Vous trouverez d\u2019autres informations sur les oiseaux du L\u00e9man dans les num\u00e9ros 51,\u00a071,\u00a096\u00a0et\u00a0109 de notre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-369","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"ase":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=369"}],"version-history":[{"count":85,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20570,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/369\/revisions\/20570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}