{"id":371,"date":"2024-03-21T17:18:05","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T16:18:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.asleman.org\/?page_id=371"},"modified":"2024-11-19T17:33:29","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T16:33:29","slug":"plancton","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/plancton\/","title":{"rendered":"Plankton"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"371\" class=\"elementor elementor-371\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc2a61c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dc2a61c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c83801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c83801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plankton<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cdfe07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cdfe07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Here you will find information about the invisible world of Lake Geneva.<br \/>Photo: A. Piuz, Natural History Museum, Geneva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da6a3c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"da6a3c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f82d6f8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f82d6f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12a4261 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"12a4261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">biomass in aquatic environments<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"98\" data-from-value=\"0\" data-delimiter=\",\">0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\">%<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4666475 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"4666475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">of the Earth's oxygen is produced by phytoplankton, invisible to the naked eye but visible from space!<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"50\" data-from-value=\"0\" data-delimiter=\"&#039;\">0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\">%<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-603b786 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"603b786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">plankton species<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"350\" data-from-value=\"0\" data-delimiter=\"&#039;\">0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff0a12a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ff0a12a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffbf59f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ffbf59f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plankton in Lake Geneva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b6794a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b6794a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You can find out more about the plankton of Lake Geneva in the following issues\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/bulletins\/n15\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/bulletins\/n29\/\">29<\/a>\u00a0and<a href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/bulletins\/n125\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0125<\/a>\u00a0of our quarterly magazine\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/trimestriel-asl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Lake Geneva region<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>as well as in our<a href=\"http:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/infographies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u00a0infographics<\/a>\u00a0or in our weekly column\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/60-secondes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>News in 60 seconds<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93549bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"93549bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1540\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1540\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Introduction <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1540\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10a3123 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"10a3123\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b363c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b363c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plankton form the basis of the food chain in any body of water. Plankton is defined as all living organisms suspended in the water which, unable to resist the currents, move with them. It is sometimes referred to as \"drifting life\".<br \/>Planktonic organisms are grouped as follows:<\/p><ul><li>Phytoplankton (plant plankton)<\/li><li>Zooplankton (animal plankton)<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Without phytoplankton, there would be no zooplankton, no small fish and no large predators in Lake Geneva; life under the lake would be non-existent. It's the principle of the food chain: if zooplankton can no longer feed on phytoplankton, it disappears, and small fish find themselves without zooplankton and decline in turn, which leads to the disappearance of large predators (pike, great crested grebe, etc.).<\/p><p>Among these microscopic organisms, one group is well known: algae! Please note that we are not talking about aquatic plants (macrophytes) (<a href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/biodiversite\/vegetauxaquatiques\/\">https:\/\/asleman.org\/biodiversite\/vegetauxaquatiques\/<\/a>) but unicellular organisms. According to a 2003 CIPEL study, there are 140 taxa of phytoplankton in Lake Geneva alone!<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-19066 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chaine-alimentaire-300x252.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chaine-alimentaire-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chaine-alimentaire-768x646.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chaine-alimentaire-14x12.jpg 14w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Chaine-alimentaire.jpg 952w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p>Zooplankton are micro-organisms belonging to the animal kingdom. Like phytoplankton, it is invisible (or almost invisible) to the naked eye. However, they are capable of active movement, although they cannot oppose the current. They can be unicellular or multicellular, like the Daphnia, the largest zooplankton in Lake Geneva.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1541\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1541\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Functions \/ Adaptations <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1541\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab8b1a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ab8b1a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecbc19b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ecbc19b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Phytoplankton<\/strong><\/h4><p style=\"text-align: left;\">On a global scale, despite their small size, phytoplankton make up the majority of plant biomass in water and represent the planet's first lungs. In fact, 50% of the oxygen we breathe comes from aquatic environments. Floating freely in the 'euphotic' zone, i.e. where there is still light, these are photosynthetic organisms - which use the sun's energy to feed themselves - and so help to oxygenate the water.<br \/>Many species can form colonies, making them visible to the naked eye. These are commonly known as algae.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-18786\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Algue_Macrophyte-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Algue_Macrophyte-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Algue_Macrophyte-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Algue_Macrophyte-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Algue_Macrophyte-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Algue_Macrophyte-2048x1536.png 2048w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Algue_Macrophyte-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Be careful not to confuse <a href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/biodiversite\/vegetauxaquatiques\/\">macrophytes<\/a> and seaweed!<\/em><\/span><\/p><p>When human activities introduce too many inorganic nutrients (such as phosphates) into the lake, algae proliferate rapidly (algal bloom). This proliferation creates an imbalance in the euphotic zone by preventing light from penetrating to the depths.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-18788\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Eutrophisation-1024x703.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"447\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Eutrophisation-1024x703.png 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Eutrophisation-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Eutrophisation-768x527.png 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Eutrophisation-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Eutrophisation.png 1386w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Main<\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\"> stages leading to eutrophication of an aquatic environment (<a href=\"https:\/\/rappel.qc.ca\/fiches-informatives\/eutrophisation-des-lacs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">source<\/a>)<\/span><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/biodiversite\/vegetauxaquatiques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">macrophytes<\/a>The algae, aquatic plants growing at the bottom of the lake, are thus deprived of light. What's more, the decomposition of algae is a very oxygen-intensive process, causing asphyxiation of the environment over the long term. This asphyxiation, combined with the nutrient overload caused by the proliferation of phytoplankton, is known as eutrophication.<\/p><p>In short, phytoplankton is essential to life in aquatic environments and must be looked after.<\/p><p>In Lake Geneva, the reduction in phosphate inputs since the 1980s has led to a reduction in algal blooms and improved oxygenation of the water. This return to \"normal\" conditions has enabled aquatic plants to re-colonise shallow areas, forming new grass beds. Some fish, such as pike, have seen their populations increase as a result of this improvement in water quality.<\/p><p>Phytoplankton has impressive seasonal fluctuations; a litre of water can contain 30 to 50 times more plankton at the start of summer than in winter!<\/p><p>The quantity of phytoplankton is regulated by zooplankton. In spring, zooplankton consume a lot of phytoplankton, creating an imbalance. Then, having run out of food, the zooplankton disappear and the phytoplankton can develop again. Small fluctuations persist until summer, when equilibrium is reached.<\/p><p>Among the different types of phytoplankton, one taxon is particularly well known: Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae. Often cited for their potential toxicity in the event of an algal bloom, these are organisms that can photosynthesise under extreme conditions (pH, temperature, salinity, etc.). They are thought to be among the first to have produced oxygen and probably one of the first organisms on earth, having appeared over 3.8 billion years ago. Cyanobacteria (see below) have greatly contributed to making the planet habitable for animals.<\/p><p>Although tiny, phytoplankton is perhaps the living organism on which most responsibility rests.<\/p><h4><strong>Zooplankton<\/strong><\/h4><p>Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton and are eaten by fish (especially young fish, known as fry), as well as by the molluscs and crustaceans of Lake Geneva. It is therefore an essential link between autotrophic organisms, capable of producing their own organic matter from light energy (plants), and heterotrophic species, which feed on organic matter (animals). Zooplankton is made up of two groups: permanent and temporary.<\/p><p>Permanent zooplankton spend their entire lives as plankton (such as Daphnia), whereas temporary plankton are only considered zooplankton during the larval phase of their development. These include certain species of crustaceans or molluscs such as the Zebra Mussel.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-18789\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Moule_Pathos.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"424\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Moule_Pathos.png 302w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Moule_Pathos-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Moule_Pathos-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Study of pathogenic organisms and the physiological and pathological conditions involved in abnormal mussel (Mytilus sp.) mortality Charles (2019)<\/em><\/span><\/p><p>In Lake Geneva, the total number of zooplankton species is around 200! Compared with the number of fish species in the lake - around twenty native species - this is an impressive figure! Unlike phytoplankton, zooplankton can survive at depth. When the sun sets over Lake Geneva, it rises to the surface to feed on phytoplankton, then descends to the depths during the day to hide from predators and protect itself from the heat. This is not the only technique used by zooplankton to avoid being eaten; many are practically transparent!<\/p><p>Zooplankton have an extremely high reproduction rate. Take the Daphnia for example. The female can reproduce every 4 to 5 days from the age of 11 days, laying up to fifty eggs a week. This is an effective strategy for maintaining the population, despite its short lifespan (30 days on average) and numerous predators. So there's a whole world going on, hidden from view... right there, beneath the surface!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1542\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1542\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Phytoplankton most commonly observed in Lake Geneva <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1542\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efb2a35 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"efb2a35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97410c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97410c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is complex to group and identify plankton by species because of their size and similarities. For phytoplankton, therefore, it is more a question of taxa, which can refer to different levels of genetic classification. These include the phylum Cyanobacteria, the class Diatoms and green algae.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-18790\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Rangs_taxonomiques.svg-876x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"488\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Rangs_taxonomiques.svg-876x1024.png 876w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Rangs_taxonomiques.svg-257x300.png 257w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Rangs_taxonomiques.svg-768x898.png 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Rangs_taxonomiques.svg-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Rangs_taxonomiques.svg.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Occasionally, a particular type of algae will be in the news, as in 2021, when a bloom of brown algae of the type\u00a0<em>Uroglena<\/em>\u00a0was observed for several days. This huge bloom was even visible from space.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18791 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Bloom.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Bloom.jpg 281w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Bloom-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18792 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Uroglena-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Uroglena-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Uroglena-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Uroglena-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Uroglena.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><em>Uroglena<\/em>a 0.2 mm algae visible from space<\/p><p>The phytoplankton community in Lake Geneva is strongly influenced by the physico-chemical conditions of the lake. Some of the species present in Lake Geneva today are different from those present when phosphate levels were higher.<\/p><h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1542\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2590503 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2590503\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ee5ee elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71ee5ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 style=\"font-family: Tondo, sans-serif; color: #002c7f;\"><strong>Diatoms<\/strong><\/h3><h4><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var( --e-global-color-f7b045b );\">Asterionella formosa<\/span><\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18793\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Asterionella-formosa-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Asterionella-formosa-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Asterionella-formosa-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Asterionella-formosa-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Asterionella-formosa-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Asterionella-formosa-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Asterionella-formosa.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p>One of the most commonly observed species in Lake Geneva,\u00a0<em>Asterion<\/em><em>ella formosa\u00a0<\/em>is characterised by a delicate star shape. Its presence is a sign of a eutrophic environment (nutrient-rich and low in oxygen).<br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var( --e-global-color-f7b045b );\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Fragilaria crotonensis<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18796\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Fragilaria-crotonensis-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Fragilaria-crotonensis-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Fragilaria-crotonensis-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Fragilaria-crotonensis-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Fragilaria-crotonensis-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Fragilaria-crotonensis-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Fragilaria-crotonensis.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p>A species frequently found in Lake Geneva, it accounts for a large proportion of the lake's plankton biomass.<br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Diatoma ehrenbergii<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18795\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Diatoma-ehrenbergii-1-300x269.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Diatoma-ehrenbergii-1-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Diatoma-ehrenbergii-1-1024x918.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Diatoma-ehrenbergii-1-768x689.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Diatoma-ehrenbergii-1-13x12.jpg 13w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Diatoma-ehrenbergii-1.jpg 1121w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div><div>Photo credit: \u00a9 Sophie Lavigne, Canton of Geneva, OCEau, SSPMA<\/div><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3><strong>Cyanobacteria<\/strong><\/h3><h4>Planktothrix rubescens<\/h4><h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19270\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Planktothrix_rubescens-300x180.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Planktothrix_rubescens-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Planktothrix_rubescens-1024x613.png 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Planktothrix_rubescens-768x460.png 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Planktothrix_rubescens-1536x920.png 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Planktothrix_rubescens-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Planktothrix_rubescens.png 1776w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/h4><h4>Microcystis aeruginosa<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19269\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Microcystis_aeruginosa-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Microcystis_aeruginosa-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Microcystis_aeruginosa-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Microcystis_aeruginosa-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Microcystis_aeruginosa-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Microcystis_aeruginosa.jpg 1388w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p>Examples of potentially toxic cyanobacteria, both present in Lake Geneva. Depending on the period, they can account for a large proportion of the plankton biomass in Lake Geneva.<\/p><p>With over 2000 species listed worldwide, these photosynthetic micro-organisms are among the oldest life forms on the planet, having been the first to produce oxygen. Naturally present in aquatic ecosystems, cyanobacteria need light, nutrients and CO<sub>2 <\/sub>to develop.<\/p><p>During periods of heatwave, solar radiation and water temperature rise, which, combined with high concentrations of nutrients due to agriculture or wastewater pollution, can encourage the proliferation of cyanobacteria. This is known as an algal bloom. Some cyanobacteria can then produce toxins (notably microcystins) that can cause lethal problems in mammals.<\/p><p>The best advice is simply to avoid swimming if you see a spongy or slimy mat on the surface of the water, to prevent children from carrying water or pebbles to their mouths or dogs from entering the water, and not to fish. You should also contact the fire brigade (118 in Switzerland, 18 in France).<\/p><p>Photo credit: \u00a9 Diane Maitre, Canton of Geneva, OCEau, SSPMA<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7634bf5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7634bf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.75rem; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var( --e-global-color-f7b045b );\">Other commonly observed phytoplankton taxa<\/span><\/strong><\/h3><h4>Ceratium hirundinella<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18794\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceratium-hirundinella-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceratium-hirundinella-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceratium-hirundinella-1024x767.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceratium-hirundinella-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceratium-hirundinella-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceratium-hirundinella.jpg 1388w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>One of the most commonly observed species in Lake Geneva. The species is more indicative of a eutrophic environment.<br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var( --e-global-color-f7b045b );\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Melosira spirogyra<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18798\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Melosira-spirogyra-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Melosira-spirogyra-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Melosira-spirogyra-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Melosira-spirogyra-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Melosira-spirogyra-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Melosira-spirogyra-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Melosira-spirogyra.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18800\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spyrogyra-scaled-e1708341414321-259x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spyrogyra-scaled-e1708341414321-259x300.jpg 259w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spyrogyra-scaled-e1708341414321-885x1024.jpg 885w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spyrogyra-scaled-e1708341414321-768x889.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spyrogyra-scaled-e1708341414321-1327x1536.jpg 1327w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spyrogyra-scaled-e1708341414321-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spyrogyra-scaled-e1708341414321.jpg 1706w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/><\/p><p>A filamentous algae well-known to bathers. In fact, this is one of the species that will create colonies on the riprap around the edge of the lake. Their presence makes the rocks particularly slippery!\u00a0<br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a>\u00a0&amp; ASL\u00a0<span style=\"color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.5rem; text-align: var(--text-align); background-color: var( --e-global-color-f7b045b );\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Pediastrum<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18799\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pediastrum.jpg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"211\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pediastrum.jpg.png 211w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pediastrum.jpg-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pediastrum.jpg-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Dinobryon divergens<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18797\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Dinobryon-divergens-1-scaled-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Dinobryon-divergens-1-scaled-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Dinobryon-divergens-1-scaled-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Dinobryon-divergens-1-scaled-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Dinobryon-divergens-1-scaled-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Dinobryon-divergens-1-scaled-1-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Dinobryon-divergens-1-scaled-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Staurastrum cingulum<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18801\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Staurastrum-cingulum-e1684939529572-300x275.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Staurastrum-cingulum-e1684939529572-300x275.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Staurastrum-cingulum-e1684939529572-1024x939.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Staurastrum-cingulum-e1684939529572-768x705.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Staurastrum-cingulum-e1684939529572-13x12.jpg 13w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Staurastrum-cingulum-e1684939529572.jpg 1187w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1543\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1543\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Zooplankton most commonly observed in Lake Geneva <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1543\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26f9c20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26f9c20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87dd4b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87dd4b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Like phytoplankton, zooplankton are difficult to categorise because of their size and morphological similarities. They can have very varied diets. Some are herbivorous and consume phytoplankton, while some species eat other zooplankton. Two groups commonly observed in Lake Geneva are crustaceans and rotifers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1543\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dda3ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1dda3ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1221605 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1221605\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong>Crustaceans<\/strong><\/h3><p>The crustacean sub-branch is mainly known for macroscopic species. In Lake Geneva, the best known are the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/biodiversite\/crustaces\/\">crayfish or gammarids<\/a>. However, it is in microscopic form that crustaceans are most abundant. They can be found in the larval stage (Nauplius) or the adult stage (e.g. Copepods or Daphnia).<\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Calanide (copepod)<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18806\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Calanide-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Calanide-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Calanide-1024x676.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Calanide-768x507.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Calanide-1536x1014.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Calanide-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Calanide.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Nauplius (copepod larva)<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18811\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nauplius-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nauplius-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nauplius-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nauplius-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nauplius-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Nauplius.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Daphnia<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18808\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Daphnia-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Daphnia-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Daphnia-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Daphnia-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Daphnia-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Daphnia-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Daphnia.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Cypris<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18807\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cypris.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cypris.png 294w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cypris-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf25de2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf25de2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong>Rotifers<\/strong><\/h3><p>Usually measuring less than 2 mm, the rotifer phylum is characterised by bilateral symmetry. This taxon groups together a large number of the zooplankton species found in Lake Geneva.<\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Synchaeta<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18814\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Synchaeta-300x184.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Synchaeta-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Synchaeta-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Synchaeta.png 370w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Keratella quadrata<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18810\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Keratella-Quadrata-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Keratella-Quadrata-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Keratella-Quadrata-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Keratella-Quadrata-768x1153.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Keratella-Quadrata-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Keratella-Quadrata.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><br \/>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>Polyarthra<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18813\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Polyarthra-scaled-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Polyarthra-scaled-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Polyarthra-scaled-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Polyarthra-scaled-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Polyarthra-scaled-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Polyarthra-scaled-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Polyarthra-scaled-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><p>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m<\/a><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4><u><\/u>Kellicottia<\/h4><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18809\" src=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kellicottia-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kellicottia-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kellicottia-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kellicottia-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kellicottia-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kellicottia.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><p>Cr\u00e9dit photo : \u00a9\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hakankvarnstrom.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">H\u00e5kan Kvarnstr\u00f6m\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1544\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1544\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Sources <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zM124 296c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h264c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H124z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus-circle\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8zm144 276c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-92v92c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-56c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-92h-92c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-56c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h92v-92c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h56c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v92h92c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v56z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1544\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a263762 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a263762\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9682167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9682167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jean-Claude DRUART, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric RIMET,<em>\u00a0\"Population dynamics of pelagic diatoms in Lake Geneva from 1974 to 2007\".<\/em>Archives des sciences, (2008)<br \/>Serena RASCONI, Oriane ANNEVILLE, Leslie LAINE, \"Zooplankton<em>\u00a0du L\u00e9man, 2018 campaign<\/em>\u00a0\"INAREE-UMR\/CARRTEL, Thonon les bains Cedex. 2020.<br \/>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric RIMET, \"\u00a0<em>Phytoplankton in Lake Geneva, 2018 campaign\",\u00a0<\/em>INRA-UMR\/CARRTEL, Thonon les bains Cedex. 2019<br \/>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric RIMET, \"\u00a0<em>Phytoplankton in Lake Geneva, 2018 campaign\",\u00a0<\/em>INRA-UMR\/CARRTEL, Thonon les bains Cedex. 2021<br \/>Christian SARDET, \"\u00a0<em>Plankton; wonders of the difting world<\/em>\"the university of Chicago press, 2015<br \/>Havel, J. E. (2009).\u00a0<em>Cladocera. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, 611-622.<br \/><\/em>Sivonen, K. (2009).\u00a0<em>Cyanobacterial Toxins. Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 290-307.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1442873 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1442873\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-199e220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"199e220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Media gallery<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3895358 elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"3895358\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:3,&quot;overlay_title&quot;:&quot;description&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Daphnies.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"3895358\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"La Daphnie, un crustac\u00e9 planctonique embl\u00e9matique des milieux aquatiques\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"La Daphnie, un crustac\u00e9 planctonique embl\u00e9matique des milieux aquatiques\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY4OTksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9hc2xlbWFuLm9yZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcL0RhcGhuaWVzLnBuZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjM4OTUzNTgifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Daphnies.png\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"1379\" aria-label=\"Daphnia, a planktonic crustacean emblematic of aquatic environments\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDaphnia, a planktonic crustacean emblematic of aquatic environments\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Zooplancton.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"3895358\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Plancton l\u00e9manique\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Plancton l\u00e9manique\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY5MDEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9hc2xlbWFuLm9yZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcL1pvb3BsYW5jdG9uLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjM4OTUzNTgifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Zooplancton.jpg\" data-width=\"2048\" data-height=\"1536\" aria-label=\"Lake Geneva plankton\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLake Geneva plankton\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/054ASL-jjkphoto17-scaled-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"3895358\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Observation du plancton au microscope lors d&#039;un atelier dans une classe\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Observation du plancton au microscope lors d&#039;un atelier dans une classe\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY5MDIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9hc2xlbWFuLm9yZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcLzA1NEFTTC1qamtwaG90bzE3LXNjYWxlZC0xLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjM4OTUzNTgifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/054ASL-jjkphoto17-scaled-1.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"1704\" aria-label=\"Observation of plankton under the microscope during a classroom workshop\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tObservation of plankton under the microscope during a classroom workshop\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Bloom.jpeg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"3895358\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Bloom planctonique de l&#039;\u00e9t\u00e9 2021 visible depuis l&#039;espace\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Bloom planctonique de l&#039;\u00e9t\u00e9 2021 visible depuis l&#039;espace\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY5MDMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9hc2xlbWFuLm9yZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDRcL0Jsb29tLmpwZWciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIzODk1MzU4In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/asleman.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Bloom.jpeg\" data-width=\"1218\" data-height=\"750\" aria-label=\"Plankton bloom in the summer of 2021 visible from space\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPlankton bloom in the summer of 2021 visible from space\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plancton Vous trouverez ici des informations sur le monde invisible du L\u00e9man.Photo : A. Piuz, Mus\u00e9um d\u2019histoire naturelle, Gen\u00e8ve. de la biomasse des milieux aquatiques 0 % de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne sur terre est produit par le phytoplancton, invisible \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153il nu, visible depuis l\u2019espace! 0 % esp\u00e8ces de planctons 0 Le plancton dans le L\u00e9man Vous [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-371","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"ase":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=371"}],"version-history":[{"count":64,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19273,"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/371\/revisions\/19273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asleman.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}